{"id":2074,"date":"2016-09-15T14:12:43","date_gmt":"2016-09-15T14:12:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/grupomarin.org\/nuevaweb\/?page_id=2074"},"modified":"2017-08-30T14:37:40","modified_gmt":"2017-08-30T14:37:40","slug":"tomas-moro","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/grupomarin.org\/nuevaweb\/cardenal-pironio-2\/houses\/tomas-moro\/","title":{"rendered":"Tomas Moro"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"joy\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Saint Thomas More<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Early Years<\/b><\/b><\/p>

Thomas More was born in London, England, on February 7, 1478. He attended St. Anthony\u2019s School in London, one of the best schools of his day, and as a youth served as a page in the household of\u00a0John Morton, archbishop of Canterbury and chancellor of England (and future cardinal). Morton is said to have thought that More would become a \u201cmarvellous man.\u201d<\/p>

More went on to study at Oxford University, where he seems to have spent two years mastering Latin and formal logic, writing comedies, and studying Greek and Latin literature.<\/p>

The Legal Profession and the Monastery<\/b><\/b><\/p>

Around 1494, his father, a prominent attorney, brought More back to London to study common law. And in February 1496, More was admitted to Lincoln\u2019s Inn, one of England\u2019s four legal societies, to prepare for admission to the bar, and in 1501 he became a full member of the profession. More managed to keep up with his literary and spiritual interests while practicing law, and he read devotedly from both Holy Scripture and the classics.<\/p>

Also around this time, More became close friends with\u00a0Erasmus during the latter\u2019s first visit to England. It was the beginning of a lifelong friendship and professional relationship, and the pair worked on Latin translations of Lucian\u2019s works during Erasmus\u2019 second visit.<\/p>

More was, meanwhile, torn between a life of civil service and a monastic calling, and he made the decision to work toward becoming a monk. To that end, in 1503, he moved to a monastery outside the London city limits and subjected himself to the discipline of the Carthusians, taking part of the monastic life as much as his legal career would allow. The prayer, fasting and partaking in penance would stay with him for the rest of his life (as would the practice of wearing a hair shirt), but his sense of duty to serve his country overcame his desire for monasticism, and he entered Parliament in 1504. He also was married for the first time around this time, either in 1504 or early the following year.<\/p>

\u2018Utopia\u2019<\/b><\/b><\/p>

In 1516, More published\u00a0Utopia<\/i>, a work of fiction primarily depicting a pagan and communist island on which social and political customs are entirely governed by reason. The description of the island of Utopia comes from a mysterious traveler to support his position that communism is the only cure for the egoism found in both private and public life\u2014a direct jab at Christian Europe, which was seen by More as divided by self-interest and greed.<\/p>

Utopia<\/i>\u00a0covered such far-reaching topics as theories of punishment, state-controlled education, multi-religion societies, divorce, euthanasia and women\u2019s rights, and the resulting display of learning and skill established More as a foremost humanist.\u00a0Utopia<\/i>also became the forerunner of a new literary genre: the utopian romance.<\/p>

In the Service of King Henry VIII<\/b><\/p>

In 1520, reformer\u00a0Martin Luther\u00a0published three works setting out his doctrine of salvation, which, according to Luther, could be attained through grace alone; the series rejected certain Catholic practices and attacked others. In 1521, King\u00a0Henry VIII\u00a0responded to Luther with the assistance of More, in his\u00a0Defence of the Seven Sacraments<\/i>. By this time, More had become treasurer of England\u2019s exchequer, but he also served as \u201cHenry\u2019s intellectual courtier,\u201d secretary and confidant, and, in 1523, he was elected speaker of the House of Commons.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/b>At Odds With Henry & Subsequent Beheading<\/b><\/p>

\u00a0<\/b>More\u2019s fate would begin to turn when, in the summer of 1527, King Henry tried to use the Bible to prove to More that Henry\u2019s marriage to\u00a0Catherine of Aragon, who had failed to produce a male heir, was void. More tried to share the king\u2019s viewpoint, but it was in vain, and More could not sign off on Henry\u2019s plan for divorce.<\/p>

In 1532, More resigned from the House of Commons, citing poor health. The real reason, however, was probably his disapproval of Henry\u2019s recent disregard of the laws of the church and his divorce of Catherine. More did not attend the subsequent coronation of\u00a0Anne Boleyn\u00a0in June 1533, and the king did not view this in a very kind light, and his vengeance was imminent.<\/p>

In 1534, More was accused of being complicit with Elizabeth Barton, who opposed Henry\u2019s break with Rome, but he was protected from further indictment from certain Lords in the House of Commons. In April 1534, the final straw came when More refused to swear to Henry\u2019s Act of Succession and the Oath of Supremacy, essentially refusing to accept the king as head of the Church of England, which More believed would disparage the power of the pope. More was sent to the Tower of London on April 17, 1534, and was found guilty of treason.<\/p>

Thomas More was\u00a0beheaded\u00a0on July 6, 1535. He left behind the final words: \u201cThe king\u2019s good servant, but God\u2019s first.\u201d More was beatified in 1886 and canonized by the Catholic Church as a saint in 1935. He has also been deemed a \u201cReformation martyr\u201d by the Church of England.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"cardenal\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Saint Thomas More Early Years […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2043,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/page_fullwidth.php","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/grupomarin.org\/nuevaweb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2074"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/grupomarin.org\/nuevaweb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/grupomarin.org\/nuevaweb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grupomarin.org\/nuevaweb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grupomarin.org\/nuevaweb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2074"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/grupomarin.org\/nuevaweb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2074\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2668,"href":"https:\/\/grupomarin.org\/nuevaweb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2074\/revisions\/2668"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grupomarin.org\/nuevaweb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2043"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/grupomarin.org\/nuevaweb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2074"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}